“I Safavidi erano gli eredi diretti delle dinastie turkmene della Pecora Nera e della Pecora Bianca [Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu]con il quale ebbero numerosi legami. Non sarebbe errato considerare il primo stato safavide come la terza fase della dominazione turkmena in Persia”.
Vladimir Minorsky, Tadhkirat al-Muluk: un manuale di amministrazione sicura p. 30
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di Objective-Chip3445
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Today we know that the designation “Turkmens” in the writings of 13th–14th century authors by no means had the narrow meaning it has today. For example, the Mamluk Kipchak sources of Egypt distinguish their language from that of the “Turkmens.” Moreover, the so-called “Turkmen” Safavid tribes of the 16th–17th centuries were in fact Azerbaijanis. In other words, “Turkmen” in earlier times was a general term for Oghuz Turks, primarily—though not exclusively—for those of the Islamic faith.
https://preview.redd.it/7ygllu924qfg1.jpeg?width=900&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=c8b03520546cc46782f8034c100bcbced1d54802
Source: Archaeologische Mitteilungen aus Iran